Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals or Roman numerals back to numbers. Supports values from 1 to 3,999.
About the Roman Numeral Converter
The Roman numeral converter converts between standard numbers (1–3,999) and Roman numerals in both directions. Instant conversion with a reference table.
How to use the Roman Numeral Converter
How Roman numerals work
Roman numerals use seven letters: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1,000). Symbols are added together when they descend in value — VIII is 5 + 3 — and subtracted when a smaller one sits before a larger, which is why IV is 4 and IX is 9. There is no symbol for zero.
Why they stop at 3,999
Standard Roman numerals run from 1 to 3,999, written MMMCMXCIX at the top end, because the system has no single symbol beyond M. Larger values traditionally used a bar over a numeral to multiply it by a thousand, but that notation is rarely needed today.
Where you still see them
Roman numerals turn up on clock faces, book chapters and appendices, film and television copyright years, monarch and pope names, and event numbering such as the Olympics and Super Bowls. Being able to read them quickly is handy more often than you might expect.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Roman Numerals Work
Roman numerals use combinations of seven letters to represent numbers: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), M (1000). They are still used today on clock faces, book chapters, film titles, and formal documents.
Roman numeral rules
- Additive: Symbols are added left to right (VI = 5 + 1 = 6)
- Subtractive: A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted (IV = 5 − 1 = 4)
- Repetition: A symbol can be repeated up to three times (III = 3, but IIII is not standard)
Common Roman numeral examples
- 2024 = MMXXIV
- 1999 = MCMXCIX
- XIV = 14
- XL = 40
- CDXLIV = 444
Conversions use standard Roman numeral notation (1–3,999, subtractive form). Built and maintained by TooLegend. Last reviewed June 2026.